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SELECT * FROM Sheet1
GO
SELECT city, zipcode FROM zips
GO
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM zips
GO
SELECT SUM(population) AS [Total Population] FROM zips
GO

NO_HEADER_ROW option

NO_HEADER_ROW

By default, the first row is considered as headers. If there is no header, specify the NO_HEADER_ROW option and Excel's headers will be used as column names.

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SELECT NO_HEADER_ROW * FROM Sheet2
GO
SELECT NO_HEADER_ROW COUNT(*) FROM Sheet2
GO
SELECT NO_HEADER_ROW B, C FROM Sheet2
GO
SELECT NO_HEADER_ROW [employee].A, [project].B AS Project FROM employee INNER JOIN project ON [employee].B = [project].B
GO

DISTINCT clause 

DISTINCT

A column can contain duplicate values, and to list the distinct values, use the SELECT DISTINCT clause. The DISTINCT clause can be used to return only distinct values from a set of records.

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We support the following syntax for specifying a worksheet that is in a different schema (Excel file) than the currently connected schema.

SELECT * FROM workbook.worksheet

where the Excel file name is workbook and the worksheet name is worksheet.

SubTable feature

In addition, to query a range of cells in the worksheet, use the following syntax to specify the starting cell and the ending cell of the range.

SELECT * FROM [worksheet$A1:F500]

where the worksheet name is worksheet, the starting cell is A1, and the ending cell is F500.

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You can also use the LIMIT and OFFSET clauses to query a range of cells in the worksheet.

SELECT * FROM worksheet LIMIT 500 OFFSET 10

Examples

SELECT NO_HEADER_ROW B, C, D FROM orders LIMIT 1000 OFFSET 5
GO

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The WHERE clause, sometimes called the predicate, states the qualifying conditions for a query. You can combine the ExcelSQL Arithmetic Operators and the ExcelSQL Comparison Operators in the WHERE clause. Multiple conditions can be joined by the AND and OR clauses, optionally surrounded by (parentheses) to group them. Only the records that satisfy the specified criteria are returned by the query.

SELECT column FROM worksheet WHERE column operator value …

Conditions:

condition AND condition
condition ANY condition
condition OR condition
column = predicate
column != predicate
column <> predicate
column >= predicate
column > predicate
column <= predicate
column < predicate
column EXISTS
column NOT EXISTS
column BETWEEN value1 AND value2
column NOT BETWEEN value1 AND value2
column IN (value [, value ...])
column LIKE like_expr
column IS NULL
column IS NOT NULL
column NOT (value [, value ...])
column NOT IN (value [, value ...])
column NOT LIKE like_expr

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The GROUP BY clause is used in combination with aggregate functions to group the results by one or more columns. See the SQL Functions page for a list of aggregate functions supported by ExcelSQL.

SELECT column1, aggregate_function(column2) FROM worksheet
GROUP BY column1

Example

SELECT name, COUNT(orders) FROM zips GROUP BY name
GO

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The HAVING clause states the qualifying conditions for aggregated values. It is used in conjunction with aggregate functions to filter aggregated values.

SELECT column1, aggregate_function(column2) FROM worksheet
GROUP BY column1
HAVING aggregate_function(column2) operator value

Example

SELECT name, COUNT(orders) FROM zips GROUP BY name HAVING COUNT(orders) > 25
GO

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ORDER BY is used to sort the results by one or more columns and sorts in ascending order by default. To sort in descending order, use the DESC keyword.

SELECT column1, column2 FROM worksheet ORDER BY column1 ASC | DESC, column2 ASC | DESC

Examples

SELECT * FROM zips ORDER BY country DESC
GO
SELECT city, zipcode FROM zips ORDER BY city, zipcode
GO

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LIMIT and OFFSET allow you to retrieve just a portion of the result set returned by the query. LIMIT restricts the number of rows returned by the SELECT statement. OFFSET indicates how many rows to skip. OFFSET 0 is the same as omitting the OFFSET clause.

SELECT column FROM worksheet LIMIT number OFFSET number

Examples

SELECT * FROM zips LIMIT 5
GO
SELECT * FROM city LIMIT 2 OFFSET 3

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ExcelSQL supports the below set operators. Set operators combine results from two or more queries into a single result set.

MINUS, EXCEPT, INTERSECT

UNION and UNION ALL

MINUS

The MINUS operator returns only unique rows that are returned by the first query but not by the second query.

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The UNION operator combines the results of two queries and eliminates duplicate rows.

SELECT column_names(s) FROM table1 UNION SELECT column_names(s) FROM table2

Examples

SELECT city, zipcode FROM zips 
UNION
SELECT city, zipcode FROM pins
GO

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The UNION ALL operator combines the results of two queries. It does not remove duplicate rows. All rows are returned.

SELECT column_names(s) FROM table1
UNION ALL
SELECT column_names(s) FROM table2

Examples

SELECT city, zipcode FROM zips 
UNION ALL
SELECT city, zipcode FROM pins
GO

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There are different types of joins available in ExcelSQL: INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN. INNER JOIN returns rows when there is a match on both tables. LEFT JOIN returns all rows from the left table even if there are no matches in the right table. RIGHT JOIN returns all rows from the right table even if there are no matches in the left table. You can find the syntax for the different joins below.

INNER JOIN clause

SELECT column1, column2 FROM worksheet1 INNER JOIN worksheet2 ON worksheet1.column1 = worksheet2.column2

The INNER JOIN keyword selects all rows from both tables as long as there is a match between the columns in both tables.

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SELECT C.name, O.customerID from [pubs].Customers C
INNER JOIN [bi].Orders O ON C.customerID = O.customerID
INNER JOIN [pubs].Sales S ON S.orderID > C.customerID

LEFT JOIN clause

SELECT column1, column2 FROM worksheet1 LEFT JOIN worksheet2 ON worksheet1.column1 = worksheet2.column2

The LEFT JOIN clause returns all rows from the left table (worksheet1) with the matching rows in the right table (worksheet2). The result set returns no values in the right table when there is no match.

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SELECT C.name, O.customerID FROM Customers C LEFT JOIN Orders O ON C.customerID = O.customerID

RIGHT JOIN clause

SELECT column1, column2 FROM worksheet1 RIGHT JOIN worksheet2 ON worksheet1.column1 = worksheet2.column2

The RIGHT JOIN clause returns all rows from the right table (worksheet2) with the matching rows in the left table (worksheet1). The result set returns no values in the left table when there is no match.

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Note that you can use the UNION ALL clause to combine two joins to achieve a a FULL JOIN.

Example

SELECT C.name, O.customerID FROM Customers C LEFT JOIN Orders O ON C.customerID = O.CustomerID
UNION ALL
SELECT C.name, O.customerID FROM Customers C RIGHT JOIN Orders O ON C.customerID = O.customerID

Self Join

SELECT Column1, Column2 FROM Worksheet1 A, Worksheet1 B  WHERE  A.Column1 = B.Column1

Self join is used to join a table to itself as if the table were two tables, temporarily renaming at least one table in the SQL statement.

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SELECT A.E_id, B.E_id FROM employee A, employee B WHERE A.E_id = B.Mgr_id

CROSS JOIN clause

SELECT Column1,Column2 FROM Worksheet1 CROSS JOIN Worksheet2

The CROSS JOIN (or CARTESIAN JOIN) returns the Cartesian product of the sets of records from two or more joined tables.

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Arithmetic operators perform mathematical operations on two expressions of one or more datatypes of the integer data type category.

+ (Addition)

- (Subtraction)

* (Multiplication)

/ (Division)

% (Modulo, returns the integer remainder of a division)

Example

SELECT 15+10-5*5/5 FROM [bi].zips
GO
SELECT cust_name, openg_amt, receiv_amt, outstand_amt, (receiv_amt*5/ 100) AS commission  
FROM [bi].customer  
WHERE outstanding_amt <= 4000
GO
SELECT StockUnits, StockUnits%3 AS "Modulo by 3"
FROM [bi].products

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Comparison operators test whether two expressions are the same.The following table lists the ExcelSQL comparison operators.

= (Equal to)

> (Greater than)

< (Less than)

>= (Greater than or equal to)

<= (Less than or equal to)

!= (Not equal to)

<> (Not equal to)

Example

SELECT * FROM [bi].zips
WHERE city = 'Cochin'
GO
SELECT * FROM [bi].zips
WHERE city <> 'Cochin'
GO
SELECT *
FROM  [bi].zips
WHERE zipcode <= 682017
GO

Configuration Functions

SELECT @@database

This function returns information on the current database context.

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SELECT @@database

SELECT @@schema

This function returns information on the current schema context.

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SELECT @@schema

Utility Statements

DATABASE database_name

This statement sets the database context and keeps this context for subsequent statements until the end of the session or another DATABASE statement is encountered.

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DATABASE Folder2

SET SCHEMA schema_name

This statement sets the schema context and keeps this context for subsequent statements until the end of the session or another SET SCHEMA statement is encountered.

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SET SCHEMA ExcelFile2

SET IGNORECASE TRUE|FALSE

This statement specifies whether text columns are case sensitive. Default is FALSE (i.e. case sensitive). SET IGNORECASE TRUE changes text comparisons to be case insensitive.

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SET IGNORECASE FALSE

SET COLLATION { OFF | collationName [ STRENGTH { PRIMARY | SECONDARY } TERTIARY | IDENTICAL } ] } 

This statement sets the collation used for comparing and sorting strings. The COLLATION setting takes precedence over the IGNORECASE setting.

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