Attribute, when applied to a dimension, aggregates and returns an asterisk (*), if it finds more than one value for that dimension. Otherwise, it returns the value of the dimension.
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In the original view; multiple cities are listed for Indonesia, Italy, and Mexico whereas, Ireland, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Macau, Malaysia has a city each. On applying Attribute to City, Visual Analytics aggregates on City and returns a value for single cities and an asterisk (*) for multiple cities.
Similarly, Attribute, when applied to a Measure, returns an asterisk (*), if it finds more than one record associated with a dimension. In the following example, in the dataset, Minneapolis has two records for Canned coffee. In the view, by default, Visual Analytics aggregates the profit for both records and displays an aggregated record for Canned coffee.
On applying Attribute, Visual Analytics on finding more than one record of Canned Coffee in the dataset returns an asterisk (*). For other coffees, it returns the profit value. 
An attribute is available on right-click of measures or dimensions in the Chart Properties Decks and Rows and Columns Decks. Alternatively, you can use the attribute function, by right-clicking in the Parameters Deck > Create Calculated Field. Null values are ignored for both measures and dimensions.